Park-PFI

Park-PFI Seven Years of Revenue Structure — Conditions for Revenue Facilities in Urban Parks and the Three-Type Divergence

Seven years after the 2017 amendment to the Urban Park Act (都市公園法), revenue facilities established under Park-PFI (the public solicitation and management system — 公募設置管理制度) have surpassed 300 nationwide. Yet a clear structural gap exists between financially viable projects and those that fail to achieve viability, driven by location, facility scale, and return-payment design. This article classifies cases into three types—standalone revenue facility, park-improvement allocation, and mixed-development—and analyzes under what conditions each type functions.