Gender
7 items
The Gender Wage Gap in International Comparison – Three Institutional Designs and the 134-Country Child Penalty Atlas
Japan's gender wage gap is roughly 1.9× the OECD average, ranking second worst among member countries. But the central question of this article is not how far behind Japan stands. Using OECD, ILO, and WEF comparative data alongside Kleven et al.'s (2024) Child Penalty Atlas covering 134 countries, we read the differences in how countries chose to answer the same problem – mandatory certification, index disclosure, voluntary disclosure – and structure what institutional design can and cannot change.
When Private Afterschool Care Costs Exceed Take-Home Pay — The Market Mechanics of Japan's Child Penalty
Japan's public afterschool clubs leave 16,330 children on waitlists nationwide, 3,360 in Tokyo alone. Private alternatives cost ¥50,000–100,000 per child per month — exceeding take-home pay for multi-child households. This column reads the institutional silos and market sorting that turn the so-called "child penalty" into a structural phenomenon.
The Year of the Fire Horse 2026 and the Truth Behind Japan's Declining Birthrate: When Superstition Has No Room Left to Move
In 2026, the once-every-60-years Year of the Fire Horse has arrived, yet Japan's January birth count came in at +0.5% year-on-year — incomparably smaller than the -25.4% recorded in 1966. Reading this as "the superstition effect has vanished," however, would be premature. Three Fire Horse years share the same superstition yet produced three different outcomes: -4% in 1906, -25.4% in 1966, and virtually zero in 2026. Tracing why reveals that a massive single-year shock appears only when contraceptive access, family planning policy, media amplification, and the rational choices of married women converge simultaneously — not through superstition alone. The reason the Reiwa-era Fire Horse produces no movement is that the structural decline of Japan's birthrate has shifted from a single-year shock to a chronic shock, leaving no margin for superstition to act upon.
Gender Mainstreaming Practical Guide for NPOs — How to Integrate Gender Perspectives into Organizations and Operations
A practical guide to gender mainstreaming in NPOs—from improving internal gender balance to integrating gender perspectives into program design and evaluation.
'Not Enough Time' Is Not a Personal Problem — The Structure of Time Poverty Produced by a 5.5-fold Gender Gap in Unpaid Labor
One in four mothers with preschool-age children who are also employed falls into 'time poverty.' Japanese women spend 5.5 times more hours on unpaid labor than men — the largest gap among OECD comparison countries. Using the activities of NPO Soluna as a lens, this article examines the structural mechanisms of time poverty and the cascade of social issues it generates.
Structures Preserved in the Name of 'Women's Empowerment' — What the Revised Act Reveals About Japan's Gender Gap
Japan's revised Act on Promotion of Women's Participation takes effect April 2026, expanding pay gap disclosure to firms with 101+ employees. But the Gender Gap Index stands at 118th/148, wage gap at 75.8, and 42.3% of firms have all-male management. Analyzing the structure between targets and reality.
Gender Equality and Organizational Design — A Practical Guide
A practical guide to concrete methods for embedding gender equality into organizational operations at NPOs, municipalities, and businesses.